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(Solved): Why has codon usage bias evolved across organisms? Explain how each of the evolutionary processes w ...
Why has codon usage bias evolved across organisms? Explain how each of the evolutionary processes would affect sexual selection. What is a selective sweep? Why are they important to understand? Under what situations are they most likely to occur? What is the purpose of measuring ratios? If I told you laboratory mice had a ratio of 0.2 across the genome and laboratory rats had a ratio of 0.1 , what would you conclude?
Expert Answer
Codon usage bias, the preferential use of certain codons over others, has evolved across organisms due to various evolutionary processes such as mutational bias, selection for translational efficiency, and selection for accuracy in protein synthesis. Mutational bias arises from the fact that certain mutations are more likely to occur than others, leading to the accumulation of specific codons in the genome over time. Selection for translational efficiency and accuracy favors the use of codons that are recognized more efficiently and accurately by the tRNA molecules and ribosomes, respectively.