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(Solved): Use the following diagram to answer the next two questions. Flow chart representing the events duri ...
Use the following diagram to answer the next two questions. Flow chart representing the events during parturition 25. Step 4 in this flow chart represents A. negative feedback that is under hormonal control. B. negative feedback that is under neural control. C. positive feedback that is under hormonal control. D. positive feedback that is under neural control.
30. Which of the following is NOT a teratogen? A. cigarette smoke, directly inhaled (first-hand smoke). B. cigarette smoke indirectly inhaled (second-hand smoke) C. ultraviolet radiation D. alcohol
Expert Answer
The positive feedback that is regulated by hormones is represented in step 4 of the flow chart. This is so because the hormone that the baby's head releases prompts the mother's pituitary gland to release more hormone, which prompts stronger uterine contractions. Due to the feedback loop this causes, the contractions get stronger until the baby is pushed down and delivered.The mother's body goes through a number of intricate physiological changes during childbirth, which finally result in the delivery of the baby. Hormones, particularly the hormone oxytocin, which is secreted by the mother's pituitary gland, play a significant role in this process.The positive feedback loop shown in step 4 of the flow chart happens when the baby's head presses on the cervix and nerve impulses are delivered to the mother's brain. These signals cause the pituitary gland to release oxytocin, which travels to the uterus and causes contractions.The baby's head is pushed down as the contractions get stronger, which encourages the production of more oxytocin. This causes a positive feedback loop in which the pressure on the baby's head stimulates the pituitary gland to release oxytocin, which causes the contractions to get stronger and puts more pressure on the cervix.The important phase in the positive feedback loop is when the contractions are powerful enough to force the baby through the birth canal and into the world. The positive feedback loop is interrupted and the pressure on the cervix is alleviated after delivery.In conclusion, step 4 depicts the hormonally controlled positive feedback loop that is a crucial component of the intricate physiological process of birthing.