(Solved): Review Questions: Be able to tell me which components of the immune system belong to the innate im ...

Review Questions: Be able to tell me which components of the immune system belong to the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system, or both (good matching section?). Differentiate between: monocyte vs. macrophage, mast cell vs. basophil in terms of adaptive immunity How does membrane attack complex launch adaptive immune response? Humoral vs Cellular immunity: In general, where in the body are the pathogens each system attacks? Describe the typical shape and structure of an antibody. Distinguish between antibodies and antigens. Be able to draw an antibody and label the variable (antigen-binding) region and the control region. What results in the specificity of an antibody (i.e. one antibody can bind only one particular antigen)? Which type of lymphocyte makes antibodies? Antibodies are found in two places, what are they and how are they different? What is the function of MHC? Which cells make MHC I, and which make MHC II? What WBC classes can present antigens in $\mathrm{MHC}?$ ? Explain how memory cells help to speed up future immune responses to pathogens the body has already seen, and how much the immune response is sped up by. Use the terms primary and secondary immune response in your answer. Be able to explain in detail how a B cell gets activated (clonal selection and expansion). We talked at length about this process. How are T helper cells involved? Cytokines? Where might a B-cell most likely come in to contact with its antigen? How did that antigen likely get there? What are memory cells? What happens once the newly made antibodies find and attach to the antigen? We talked about 5 possibilities. Compare and contrast T Helper cells and Cytotoxic T cells. How is a cytotoxic T cell (CTL) activated? What happens when it is activated? Describe the mechanism by which cytotoxic T cells kill viral-infected cells. What are the roles of $\mathrm{MHC}$ I and perforin? How do NK Cells know which cells (host or foreign) to kill? What happens to a cancer cell that is displaying something unexpected in it's $\mathrm{MHCl}$ ? What are the different types of vaccines and what are they composed of? What are the differences between Live attenuated vaccines and inactivated/killed vaccines? What are adjuvants and why are they necessary for vaccines to be effective?