(Solved): Part 1. Examining and Characterizing Sand Samples Materials needed: r Data Table for Sand Samples ( ...

Part 1. Examining and Characterizing Sand Samples Materials needed: r Data Table for Sand Samples (below) r Several different sand samples (may be glued onto cards or loose in petri dishes or vials) r Microscopes (preferred) or hand lenses \( r \) Sand gauges for determining grain size Begin by collecting data on each of the sand samples. Examine the sand sample(s) and write your answers to the following questions in the Data Table for Sand Samples, below. The letters of each question correspond to the lettered columns in the Data Table. Space is available in the table for ten sand samples. A. Where was the sand sample collected? (Read the label.) B. What color(s) is it? Is it one color or a mixture of many colors? C. Examine the sand with a microscope (or hand lens, if microscopes are not available). Is the sand all one mineral, or are there different minerals in it? What minerals can you identify in the sand? D. Are any rock fragments present in the sand? If so, can you determine the kinds of rocks? E. Are there any shells or other remains of organisms in the sand? F. Look at the size of the sand grains. Compare them with a sand gauge. Write the range of grain sizes in the table. Consider the following questions as you work. 1. Are all of the grains the same size? 2. How big is the largest grain of sand? Use the sand gauge to determine grain size. 3. How big is the smallest grain of sand? Use the sand gauge to determine grain size. 4. What would you estimate is the average grain size in millimeters of the sand grains? 5. Think about the sizes of minerals; there is no need to write your answers. a. Are some of the minerals typically larger than others? b. Which are the larger minerals? c. Which are the smaller minerals? G. Use the guide in this lab (Figure 3.8) to estimate the sorting of the sand sample. Is this sand very well-sorted, well-sorted, moderately well-sorted, poorly sorted, or very poorly sorted? H. Use the guide in this lab (Figure 3.9) to estimate the roundness of the majority of the grains in this sand sample. Are they well-rounded, rounded, subrounded, subangular, or angular? Part 2. Interpreting Sand Samples Interpret the following five paleonvironmental factors for each sand sample that you described (above) by completing the Sand Sample Interpretation table, below. The letters of each question correspond to the lettered columns in the Data Table. A. Source area lithology (original rock type from which the sand was derived) B. Paleoclimate (humid, arid, etc.) C. Tectonic activity (high or low tectonic activity) D. Energy levels (high or low, consistent or inconsistent energy levels) E. Time in depositional basin (long or short) \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|} \hline \multicolumn{7}{|c|}{ SAND SAMPLE INTERPRETATION TABLE } & \\ \hline \end{tabular} - Copy this from the Data for Sand Samples table. Santa Maria del Mar, Cubablack bar approx. \( 1 \mathrm{~mm} \) Look closely at this samplethere are some grains that are not typical of sands you might be used to seeing- what is this arrow pointing at? Sample 2 Antelope Island, Great Salt Lake, Utah-black bar approx. \( 1 \mathrm{~mm} \) You are going to want to research this location to help you identify the type of grain Waikoloa, Hawaii-red bar approx. \( 1 \mathrm{~mm} \) Sample 4 Manasquan, New Jersey- Greensand from Hawaiiorange bar is approx. \( 1 \mathrm{~mm} \) long What is the green mineral in this sample? Sample 6 Sample 2 is from Libya, Sahara Desert-bar in bottom right approximately \( 1 \mathrm{~mm} \) long Sample 7 Sample one is from Bermuda. It is a carbonate sand- the black bar at the bottom right of the picture is approximately \( 1 \mathrm{~mm} \) long (for scale) Sample 8 Kirra Beach, Australia- scale at the bottom is in millimeters Daytona Beach, Florida-blue bar is approx. \( 1 \mathrm{~mm} \) long What is the name of the white to clear mineral in this slide?- it is a very common mineral Sample 10 Calvert Cliffs (Chesapeake Bay, Maryland) heavy mineral sand-blue bar lower right approx. \( 1 \mathrm{~mm} \) long