(Solved): Individuals who have sickle cell anemia have a mutation in their DNA that causes a single amino aci ...

Individuals who have sickle cell anemia have a mutation in their DNA that causes a single amino acid to be swapped for another. Recall that DNA is transcribed to an mRNA copy, then translated to protein (see image below). Question: Look back to the amino acid R-group chart. What properties of valine are different than the properties of glutamine? How might this substitution cause problems in the protein structure and function? 1) Coconut oil is very high in saturated fat (as much as $$90\%$$ ). This characteristic is common to plants found in very warm climates. In general, tropical plants tend to have mostly saturated fatty acids, while plants that live in colder climates tend to have mostly unsaturated fatty acids. There is a similar trend among animals; fish, marine mammals, and polar bears that live in colder environments have a lot of unsaturated fats. (Plants produce the unsaturated fats, but they are eaten by cold climate animals and move up to whales and polar bears through the food web- polar bear fatty acids are roughly $$65\%$$ unsaturated!) Meanwhile, land-dwelling animals found in warmer climates tend to have more saturated fats. Explain why these observations make sense from a molecular perspective, based on what you know about the structure of saturated and unsaturated fats and how they are solid or liquid at certain temperatures. Bonus point $$(+1)$$ if you can appropriately use the term "emergent property" in your answer. 2) Explain why you might want to increase unsaturated fat intake, reduce saturated fat intake, and avoid trans fats?