IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF JUDICATURE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KUSIA AD 2024 PROFESSOR KOFI ANSAH v. THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL 1. It is the year 2024 in the Republic of Kushia and the essential facts about Kushia are coincidental with the facts about Ghana. The legal system and legal tradition of the Republic of Kushia are the same as that of the Republic of Ghana unless the same has been indicated to the contrary. 2. On May 10, 2024, the President of the Republic of Kusia, H.E. Nana Kweku Addo, and the Vice President, Dr. Afia Mensah, traveled to Rivana for a highlevel international summit. The summit, focusing on disaster management and climate resilience, was scheduled to last for five days. 3. Before their departure, the Speaker of Parliament, Hon. Kwabena Darko, was sworn in as Acting President pursuant to Article 55 of the Kusian Constitution, which provides for the Speaker to assume presidential duties in the absence of both the President and the Vice President. The swearing-in ceremony was widely televised and attended by key government officials. 4. The opposition and several civil society organizations criticized the swearing-in, arguing that it was unnecessary in the modern era, where technological advancements allow the President and Vice President to discharge their duties remotely, regardless of their physical location. They contended that this practice undermined the principle of separation of powers by concentrating executive powers in the hands of a legislative officer. 5. During his tenure as Acting President, Hon. Darko issued an Executive Order approving an emergency budget allocation of $10 million to combat the ongoing effects of severe flooding in the Northern Region. Critics argued that this exceeded the Speaker’s temporary powers under the Constitution and questioned whether an Acting President has the authority to issue such orders. 6. In a more controversial move, the Acting President also announced a significant reduction in the size of the government. Through another Executive Order, he dismissed 60 ministers from the cabinet, reducing the number of ministers from 100 to 40. The Acting President justified this decision as a measure to cut costs and improve efficiency during the emergency. 7. Upon the return of the President and Vice President, the President publicly rejected the dismissals, stating that the Acting President’s authority does not extend to reversing or altering ministerial appointments made by the President. The President directed the originally dismissed ministers to continue in their roles, claiming that their dismissal was legally invalid. 8. The opposition, however, argued that the dismissals were lawful, emphasizing that the Acting President exercises full executive authority during the absence of the President and Vice President under Article 55. They contended that the President could not retroactively nullify decisions taken by the Acting President. 9. Two weeks after the President and Vice President returned, the Peace and Liberation Party (the largest opposition party) held a press conference accusing the government of mismanaging public funds and bypassing parliamentary oversight in its handling of the emergency response. 10. Shortly afterward, the Minister for Finance, Mr. Mafu, presented a supplementary budget to Parliament for the year 2024. The budget requested an additional $10 million to pay Pilolo Company Ltd. for goods supplied under a special contract awarded during the emergency period. Question. Prepare a written submission in favor of the problem