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B10 175 General Microbiology Assessment
General Microbiology Differential Classification of Gram Positive and Gram Negative B
A person has a bacterial infection and you need to determine if the infection is caused by one of these two bacterial types.
B10 175 General Microbiology Assessment General Microbiology Differential Classification of Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria Name: Date: Section: The two main types of bacteria that we discussed this semester are gram positive and gram negative bacteria. These types of bacteria have many physical differences that are key in treating an infection with either type. Remember gram positive bacteria have a much thicker peptidoglycan cell wall while gram negative cells have a thinner wall underneath a layer of phospholipids (outer membrane). 1. Examine the two cell envelopes above and determine which is gram positive and which is gram negative. How do you know? 2. Which type of cell envelope confers more resistance to osmotic pressure? Why? 3. Which type of cell envelope confers more resistance to antimicrobial drugs? Why? A person has a bacterial intection and you need to determine if the infection is caused by one of these two bactenial types. Staff have collected a sample from the patient and cultured the sample in mutrient broth. A person has a bacterial infection and you need to determine if the infection is caused by one of these two bacterial types. Staff have collected a sample from the patient and cultured the sample in nutrient broth. 4. How would you isolate the bacteria species in this mixed sample? List the steps you would take and the necessary materials to complete this task.


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Gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria are diffentiated on the basis of gram staining. They are different in there cell wall structure too . That make them to take different gram stains


Gram positive cell wall is composed of

1.Peptidoglycan layer (thick 50-100 layers)
2. Techoic acid

In gram-positive bacteria, the peptidoglycan layer is much thicker (50–100 layers thick, 16–80 nm) than gram-negative cell wall .

Each layer is a mucopeptide chain, composed of alternate units of N-acetyl muramic acid (NAM) and N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG) molecules; cross linked to each other via tetrapeptide side chains and pentaglycine bridges.

Tetrapeptide chain is made of L-alanine—D-glutamine—L-lysine—D alanine
Tetrapeptide chain ascend from NAM to NAG.

The L-lysine of one tetrapeptide chain is covalently linked to the terminal D-alanine of the adjacent chain via a pentaglycine bridge.

This cross linkage make wall stronger.


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