(Solved): Consider the patient Kevin. Although his urine may have been the most boring of the samples, his und ...

Consider the patient Kevin. Although his urine may have been the mos boring of the samples, his underlying condition is quite fascinating! Recall that Kevin was diagnosed with pulmonary edema. His urine sample was very acidic, with a $\mathrm{pH}$ of 5 . The results of the additional clinical tests performed on Kevin are shown here: Please review Kevin's case and select all of the following options that accurately describe the situation. The acidic arterial $\mathrm{pH}$ comes from the excess $\mathrm{CO}2$ build-up. Kevin's urine is more acidic than normal, because his body is reabsorbing more $\mathrm{H}+$ ions. To compensate for the acidosis. Kevin would hyperventilate to get rid of $\mathrm{CO}2$, which will reduce the $\mathrm{H}+$ concentration in his body. To compensate for the acidosis, Kevin would hypoventilate to retain $\mathrm{CO}2$ and increase the arterial $\mathrm{CO}2$ level back to its homeostatic set-point. The acidic arterial $\mathrm{pH}$ means more $\mathrm{H}+$ ions will be filtered into Bowman's capsule. The acidic arterial $\mathrm{pH}$ comes from anaerobic respiration due to low arterial O2. Decreased colloid osmotic pressure results in excess capillary filtration and loss of $\mathrm{H}+$ ions. Kevin has low arterial $\mathrm{O}2$ and $\mathrm{CO}2$ because the fluid accumulation decreases the alveolar exchange of BOTH of these gases. Kevin's urine is more acidic than normal, because his body is secreting more $\mathrm{H}+$ ions. Increased hydrostatic pressure results in excess capillary filtration, which is why Kevin was urinating so frequently. The opacity on the chest $x$-ray indicating fluid accumulation means that Kevin drank an extra large soda for lunch earlier in the day. Fluid accumulation shown on the $x$-ray is located inside the pulmonary capillaries. Kevin has low arterial $\mathrm{O}2$ and $\mathrm{CO}$ 2, because these two gases have varying degrees of solubility in water that affect their alveolar exchange. The opaque chest $x$-ray means there is futd aceumulation between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries.