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(Solved): Animals, including humans, are characterized by a diplontic life cycle: non-reproductive cells (som ...




Animals, including humans, are characterized by a diplontic life cycle: non-reproductive cells (somatic) are diploid and only
Animals, including humans, are characterized by a diplontic life cycle: non-reproductive cells (somatic) are diploid and only the sexual cells (gametes) are haploid. During embryonic development and growth, diploid cells divide via mitosis. However, not all multicellular organisms are diplontic. For instance, fungi are haplontic. All cells in fungi are haploid; during sexual reproduction, a cell from a \( (+) \) individual interacts with a cell from a \( (-) \) individual allowing nuclear fusion, forming a diploid zygote. This diploid zygote divides by meiosis forming 4 haploid spores (when these spores germinate, they will produce a \( (+) \) or \( (-) \) multicellular fungi). You guessed it right! It's exactly the opposite compared to animals! All cells in fungi are haploid, except for the zygote, which is diploid. a. Explain the meaning of haploid and diploid. Use your own words. ( 2 points) b. Fungi grow by mitosis of haploid cells. Do these haploid cells have homologous chromosomes? And sister chromatids? Explain your answer. ( 2 points) c. Measurements of the amount of DNA per nucleus were taken on a large number of cells from a growing fungus. The measured DNA levels ranged from 3-6 picograms per nucleus. In which stage of the cell cycle was the nucleus with 6 picograms of DNA? Choose one option: G1, M only, between \( S \) and Telophase, Telophase. Explain your answer. ( 2 points) d. Linked to c. What about nucleus with 3 picograms of DNA? Choose one option: \( G 1 \) or \( G 2 \). Explain your answer. ( 2 points)


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