(Solved): 5. With 1200-W toaster, how much electrical energy is needed to make a slice of toast (cooking time ...

5. With 1200-W toaster, how much electrical energy is needed to make a slice of toast (cooking time \( =1 \) minute)? At \( 9.0 \) cents/ \( \mathrm{kW} . \mathrm{h} \), how much does this cost? 6. (Bonus) The resistances in Figs. \( a \) and \( b \) are all \( 6.0 \Omega \) and the batteries are ideal \( 12 \mathrm{~V} \) batteries. (a) When switch \( \mathrm{S} \) in Fig. \( a \) is closed, what is the change in the electric potential \( V_{1} \) across resistor \( R_{1} \), or does \( V_{1} \) remain the same? (b) When switch \( \mathrm{S} \) in Fig. \( b \) is closed, what is the change in \( V_{1} \) across resistor \( R_{1} \), or does \( V_{1} \) remain the same?