(Solved): 12. Which muscles accomplish volume changes during pulmonary ventilation? On the sketch of the resp ...

12. Which muscles accomplish volume changes during pulmonary ventilation? On the sketch of the respiratory muscles: (i) Label the muscles involved in breathing. (ii) Allocate the muscle(s) involved in each phase of ventilation (e.g. quiet inspiration) by selecting different colours for each ventilation phase. Use them to colour the coding squares and match it to the corresponding structures on the sketch. MUSCLI SHALATION Quiet inspiration Quiet expiration forced inspiration Forced expiration 13. What pressure determines the direction of airflow within the respiratory tract? 14. If the volume of the lungs decrease, the pressure will $(?/8)$. 15. Airflow will always occur from pressure to pressure. 16. Add the different pressures $(A?C)$ that play a role in pulmonary ventilation onto the sketch below. Quantify these pressures at sea level. 17. Does your chest expand because your lungs inflate, or do your lungs inflate because your chest expands? Explain. (a) Describe Boyle's law and how inhalation follows from this law. In your answer, identify the muscles involved in quiet inhalation. (b) Which spirometry measurements indicate the extent of quiet inhalation? 19. List a factor that tends to cause the lungs to collapse. (Note: not related to any diseases.) 20. List two factors that prevent the lungs from collapsing. 21. The following table summarizes the sequence of events during inspiration and expiration. Complete it using your knowledge of the mechanism of breathing.