Expert Answer
ANSWER 1The chart with the correct answers is as follows :Carbohydrates :Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. They serve as a crucial source of energy for living organisms. The monomer units of carbohydrates are called monosaccharides. Examples of monosaccharides include glucose and fructose. Through a process called dehydration synthesis, monosaccharides can combine to form larger molecules known as polysaccharides. Starch, one type of polysaccharide, acts as a storage form of energy in plants. Cellulose, another polysaccharide, provides structural support in the cell walls of plants.Lipids :Lipids are a diverse group of organic compounds that play various important roles in organisms. They are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents like fats and oils. Fatty acids are the building blocks, or monomers, of lipids. These molecules consist of a hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end. Triglycerides are a type of lipid composed of glycerol and three fatty acids. They serve as a primary form of energy storage in organisms. Another type of lipid, called phospholipids, is a crucial component of cell membranes. They arrange themselves in a bilayer structure, with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.Proteins :Proteins are large biomolecules that perform a wide range of essential functions in living organisms. They are composed of amino acid monomers. Amino acids consist of an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a unique side chain. Through a process called peptide bond formation, amino acids link together to form polypeptides. These polypeptides can fold into complex three-dimensional structures, allowing proteins to carry out specific functions. Proteins are involved in enzymatic reactions, provide structural support, transport molecules, and play crucial roles in cell signaling and immune responses.Nucleic acids :Nucleic acids are macromolecules responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information in living organisms. The monomer units of nucleic acids are nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. There are two primary types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). DNA serves as the hereditary material and carries the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of organisms. RNA plays a key role in protein synthesis by transcribing and translating the genetic information encoded in DNA. Both DNA and RNA are vital for various cellular processes, including gene expression, regulation, and transmission of genetic traits.