(Solved): 1. Integrator: The following circuit is an analog integrator. The output voltage is the integral of ...

1. Integrator: The following circuit is an analog integrator. The output voltage is the integral of the input voltage. $V_0(t)=?\frac{1}{RC}{?}_0^t{V}_i(?)d?+V_c(0)$ Figure 1: Analog Integrator However, in practice, the circuit shown above saturates quickly because of the offset voltages that may exist in the circuit. Therefore, there is usually an additional resistor added in parallel with the capacitor Simulate the circuit shown in Figure 2 using SPICE (run the simulation until 25 mseconds). Comment on the results. Figure 2: Practical integrator