1. Below is the titration curve for carbonic acid H2CO3.
a. What pH range or ranges is carbonic acid an effective buffer at?
b. What are points A and B representing on this curve?
c. What are the predominate ionic forms of carbonic acid at point A on the titration curve?
d. What is the molar ratio of CO3 2- to HCO3 - at pH 9.5?